Abstract:
Purpose – This study aims to analyze the socio-ecological policy trade-off caused by technological
innovations in the post-COVID-19 era. The study outcomes are utilized to design a comprehensive policy
framework for attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Design/methodology/approach – Study is done for 100 countries over 1991–2019. Second-generation
estimation method is used. Innovation is measured by total factor productivity, environmental quality is
measured by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and social dimension is captured by unemployment.
Findings – Innovation–CO2 emissions association is found to be inverted U-shaped and innovation–
unemployment association is found to be U-shaped.
Research limitations/implications – The study outcomes show the conflicting impact of technological
innovation leading to policy trade-off. This dual impact of innovation is considered during policy
recommendation.
Practical implications – The policy framework recommended in the study shows a way to address the
objectives of SDG 8, 9 and 13 during post-COVID-19 period.
Social implications – Policy recommendations in the study show a way to internalize the negative social
externality exerted by innovation.
Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature by considering the policy trade-off caused by
innovation and recommending an SDG-oriented policy framework for the post-COVID-19 era.